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Defeat device
A defeat device, as defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is any apparatus that unduly reduces the effectiveness of emissions control systems under conditions a vehicle may reasonably be expected to experience. Defeat devices are also forbidden in the European Union, and the use of a defeat device is subject to a penalty.〔(FAQ - Air pollutant emissions standards ) ''European Commission'', 25 September 2015. Quote: Article 5 (2) of Euro 6 Regulation 715/2007/EC prohibits the use of defeat devices. Article 3(10) defines defeat device as any element of design which senses temperature, vehicle speed, engine speed (RPM), transmission gear, manifold vacuum or any other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying or deactivating the operation of any part of the emission control system, that reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system under conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal vehicle operation and use.〕〔(REGULATION (EC) No 715/2007 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL ) of 20 June 2007. Articles 3, 5, 13 on pages 5-9〕
The term originates from the US Clean Air Act, and refers to anything that prevents an emissions control system from working.〔 The EPA has taken numerous enforcement actions against companies that have deliberately, or through error or negligence, allowed defeat devices to interfere with pollution controls at power plants, in motor vehicles, and elsewhere. Aftermarket car parts and accessories, such as exhaust or fuel system modification components, which affect emissions, are considered defeat devices.〔
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